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- program simp1; { -> 273 }
- { integration by Simpson's method }
-
- const tol = 1.0E-4;
- var sum,upper,lower : real;
-
- external procedure cls;
-
- function fx(x: real): real;
- { find f(x)=1/x }
- { watch out for x=0 }
-
- begin
- fx:=1.0/x
- end; { function fx }
-
- procedure simps(function f(x: real): real;
- lower,upper,tol : real;
- var sum : real);
-
- { numerical integration by Simpson's rule }
- { function is f (as paramater), limits are lower and upper }
- { with number of regions equal to pieces }
- { partition is delta_x, answer is sum }
-
- var i : integer;
- x,delta_x,even_sum,
- odd_sum,end_sum,
- sum1 : real;
- pieces : integer;
- begin
- pieces:=2;
- delta_x:=(upper-lower)/pieces;
- odd_sum:=f(lower+delta_x);
- even_sum:=0.0;
- end_sum:=f(lower)+f(upper);
- sum:=(end_sum+4.0*odd_sum)*delta_x/3.0;
- writeln(pieces:5,sum);
- repeat
- pieces:=pieces*2;
- sum1:=sum;
- delta_x:=(upper-lower)/pieces;
- even_sum:=even_sum+odd_sum;
- odd_sum:=0.0;
- for i:=1 to pieces div 2 do
- begin
- x:=lower+delta_x*(2.0*i-1.0);
- odd_sum:=odd_sum+f(x)
- end;
- sum:=(end_sum+4.0*odd_sum+2.0*even_sum)*delta_x/3.0;
- writeln(pieces:5,sum)
- until abs(sum-sum1)<=abs(tol*sum)
- end; { simps }
-
- begin { main program }
- cls;
- lower:=1.0;
- upper:=9.0;
- writeln;
- simps(fx,lower,upper,tol,sum);
- writeln;
- writeln(chr(7),'area= ',sum)
- end.